The Celtic festival of Beltaine marked the midway point between the Spring Equinox and the Summer Solstice. It was celebrated in May, the start of summer, and was associated with the god Bel. The tradition of this festival continues today, but it is now celebrated as May Day (1^st May).

Great bonfires across the land would mark the eve of Beltaine. It was a time for purification and many rituals were performed to ensure protection from the spirits of the other world. For example, farmers would drive their cattle through two small fires.

Much protection was taken against the fairy folk during Beltaine, who were often blamed for stealing from the humans. Milk was traditionally poured on the threshold of the house and around fairy trees to keep them away. No milk or butter would be given away at Beltaine, and no stranger was allowed to milk the cows. A small slab of butter that was made at Beltaine was kept in the dairy to protect against the thieving fairies for the rest of the season.